(WVUE) Cartoonist Thomas Nast, more than any other single individual, seems responsible for our modern day image of Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. Nast was the first person to draw Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. When did Thomas Nast draw Santa Claus? Nasts Santa Claus is based on a number of different sources, including the Dutch legend of Sinterklaas, British and American Christmas traditions, and the Christian bishop Saint Nicholas. He was known for his generosity and for discreetly helping the poor and unfortunate. Pre Janvier, Father Christmas, Christkindl, Santa Claus Whatever name you happen to give him, Santa and his origins still spur controversy. During the Civil War, a Nast drawing from 1862 depicted Nicholas as a peddler wearing the colors of the American flag; published on the cover of Harpers Weekly, he became the hero of the Unionists (anti-slavery Yankees). And in the left corner he is shown climbing down a chimney. "Who ever heard of a skinny Santa?" Thomas Nast, "Santa Claus in Camp (from Harper . Zora Neale Hurston: Claiming a Space (espaol). Nast makes it clear that Santa supports the Union, not the Confederacy. In 1931, Coca-Cola decided to broaden its market to children. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red he's known for today. In typical Nast fashion, the selection of toys and military-style bags from which they emerge carried political meanings that would have been understandable to Nasts original audience. Why does ulnar nerve injury causes claw hand? It is credited with being the first image to establish all the visual elements we associate with Americas version of Santa Claus we recognize today. Nast first drew Santa Claus for the 1862 Christmas season Harper's Weekly cover and cen. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. His image of Santa Clauswas the inspiration for the Coca Cola companys modern Santa Claus. They had five children, Julia, Thomas, Jr., Edith, Mabel, and Cyril. When Dutch settlers arrived in the American colonies, they brought their love of Sinterklaas, as they call him, with them. Discover the best of France-Amrique every week in our newsletter. Despite his political activism, Thomas Nast is better known for something else changing Christmas forever by creating the modern-day image of Santa Claus. Abraham Lincoln commented on Nast's work saying, "Thomas Nast was our best recruiting officer." His powerful cartoons stirred people into . German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. Thomas Nast (/nst/; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the Father of the American Cartoon. Thomas Nast was a Radical Republicanwho favored abolition and opposed segregation. According to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (via the Smithsonian), Nast "did as much as any one man to preserve the Union and bring the war to an end." Santa Claus was just part of that. His father, Joseph Thomas Nast, joined them in 1849 at the end of his enlistment. Nast gives higher purpose to the horror of war in his multi-part depiction of the past lives of African Americans and the future Emancipation could bring them. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('interstitial-ad');}); *Membership cannot be purchased with Gift Cards. The History and Legend of Santa Claus. Nast, who was reportedly a rather rotund figure even in childhood, seems to have partially based Santa Clauss physique and appearance on his own. He particularly targeted corrupt New York City politician William Boss Tweed, head of the powerful Tammany Hall political group. 5 Tech Upgrades for Claus, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago. Nasts Santa appeared as a kindly figure representing Christmas, the holiday celebrating the birth of Christ. Historians describe the violent conditions that prevailed in the South. Thomas Nast A child weeps after receiving a stick as a present, while a little girl lovingly cuddles a miniature of the bishop saint the way she would a doll. Almost certainly descended from pagan traditions in the pre-Christian British Isles, there is evidence for him from at least the 15th century. But even after the war ended, Nast continued to use Santa Claus to make certain pointed political statements. At the age of fifteen, he got his first job as a professional illustrator for Frank Leslies Illustrated News. His illustrations supported the cause he believed was just, and the candidate he thought was best. He supported Abraham Lincoln and President Abraham Lincoln described Nast as the "best recruiting sergeant" for the Union cause since his sketches inspired readers to support the war effort. Several American artists played a role in turning the image of a slim saint in bishop's robes into a chubby, jolly old man in tall boots. He created a modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP). In Germany, where the Reformation led by the monk Martin Luther banned saint worship, Nicholas was replaced by ChristKindl (Christ Child). A political cartoonist who originated the familar symbols of the Republican elephant and Democratic donkey [above from a post-war edition of Harper's Weekly showing a rampaging elephant heading blindly over a cliff while the donkey becomes the proverbial *** in a lion's skin], Nast is thought to have been the first artist . The Feast of Saint Nicholas painting executed in the 17th century by Jan Steen for the first time depicts a family celebrating the Feast of Saint Nicholas. His other Christmas illustrations showed children writing Santa letters, tracking his route, and even calling him on the telephone. By 1885 Nasts disagreements with the editors of Harpers Weekly were becoming increasingly frequent; his last Harpers cartoon appeared in 1886. Before that, Santa had . It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey. Living in New York City, he dropped out of school in favor of studying drawing with fellow German-American Theodore Kaufmann and at the National Academy of Design. For the next 30 years Nast continued to draw Santa changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. As a political cartoonist for Harpers, the strongly abolitionist Nast created a stream of pro-Union, anti-Confederacy images throughout the American Civil War. The cover ofHarper's Weeklyshows black legislators stooping to name-calling as Columbia says, "You are aping the lowest whites. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. "His emblematic cartoons have never failed to arouse enthusiasm and patriotism, and have always seemed to come just when these . The book helped popularize the character of Santa Claus and give him an unprecedented profile. On a Christmas cover of Harpers Weekly, he depicted himself in front of the fireplace, holding a long mother-of-pearl (meerschaum) pipe that was very popular at the time in Germany and the Netherlands. In another illustration, Santa is seen with a. While the idea of Santa Claus has centuries-old precedents from the Christian and pagan worlds alike, his appearance as we know it today is largely the creation of one man: German-American artist Thomas Nast. Its widely believed that todays Santa wears a red suit because thats the colour associated with CocaCola, but this isnt the case. Even as Saint Nicholas was chased away from the Lutheran Protestant regions, he was welcomed in the Netherlands, despite its Calvinist majority. The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. The, When a group of Dutch Calvinists fleeing religious persecution in the 17, More than a century had passed when the writer Washington Irving published. The character of Santa Claus is believed to descend from Bishop Nicholas of Myra, who lived in the 4th century. The best-known Thomas Nast image of Santa Claus, one that continues to adorn Christmas cards and ornaments, is his 1881 Merry Old Santa Claus. Harper's weekly, 1872). Nast said he based his Santa on a German version of Saint Nicholas, Pelze-Nicol. Omissions? In the days before quick and easy photography, periodicals of all stripes employed artists to sketch current events. The original works were painted in oil, and then adapted for posters, billboards, and magazines. Much earlier, the American cartoonist Thomas Nast fashioned Santa Clauss image on the pages of the American magazine, The character of Santa Claus is believed to descend from Bishop Nicholas of Myra, who lived in the 4, The cult of Saint Nicholas did not escape Europes religious upheavals. Thomas Nast was a 19th-century German-born American cartoonist and caricaturist who is considered to be the Father of the American Cartoon. He is best known for his political cartoons, which appeared regularly in Harpers Weekly and were a major influence on public opinion during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. [Got a question? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Created By: Beeghley Tech Innovations | Copyright 2023. At times, though, his satire could be downright prejudiced, particularly against the Irish and the Catholics, and he used many stereotypes common in his time. Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. What time do the fireworks start at drayton manor? The first mention of a well-fed old man riding on a sleigh pulled by reindeer. In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. In President Lincolns words, Santa Claus became his best recruiting agent! The magazine cover showed Santa Claus looking sad as he watched the young soldiers part with their families, and handed out gifts to Unionist men. The bag would become an integral part of our image of Santa, and it was first introduced in this 1863 Thomas Nast illustration. At times, though, his satire could be downright prejudiced, particularly against the Irish and the Catholics, and he used many stereotypes common in his time. For inspiration Sundblom turned to Clement Clark Moores 1822 poemA Visit From St. Nicholas, commonly known asTwas the Night Before Christmas. This change is often mistakenly attributed to the work of Haddon Sundblom, who drew images of Santa in advertising for the Coca-Cola Company since 1931. Thomas Nast, (born September 27, 1840, Landau, Bavarian Palatinate [now Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany]died December 7, 1902, Guayaquil, Ecuador), American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. Nast arrived back in New York in1861 and in September he married Sarah Edwards. Thomas Nast and Santa Claus. by Jasmine Liu December 23, 2021. This side to Nast's work is markedly different from the world of political cartoons that he is most famous for. The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; It was the 1930s, in the middle of the depression, and not a happy time for many people. And as Reconstruction-era corruption and violence spun out of control, he drew cartoons that criticized black legislators as strongly as earlier cartoons had championed black suffrage and lamented white supremacist violence. In parallel, Louis Prang (1824-1907), the man who introduced Christmas cards to the United States in 1875, also took part in developing the clich by depicting Santa in a snowy and icy setting, wearing a big coat with a hood lined with white fur, boots and a cloth bag for toys. Nasts influence on the image of Santa Claus can still be seen today, in the many variations on the traditional Santa Claus costume that are worn by people around the world during the Christmas season. Mrs. Claus asks in the Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer movie. Above all, Coca-Colas red and white colors determined those of Santa Claus contemporary uniform. Columbia asks, "Shall I Trust These Men, and Not This Man?". Corrections? Discover the fascinating story of this iconic American garment. Saint Nicholas was popular in his lifetime, and had the reputation of being a miracle maker. He contributed 33 Christmas drawings to Harper's Weekly from 1863 through 1886, and Santa is seen or referenced in all but one. His use of Santa Claus was melancholy, sad for the faltering Union war effort in which Nast so fervently believed, and sad for the separation of soldiers and families. Nasts work gave Santa Claus a life and personality, rather than just using him as a symbol. "This Is a White Man's Government.". Answer (1 of 9): Authors have historically depicted Santa Claus as fat which has influenced our modern conception of Santa Claus. The final piece of the puzzle was with the help of Coca-Cola. Moore, Irving, and other American admirers together originated Santas image as a chubby, elf-like creature chauffeured by a team of reindeer pulling his sleigh on Christmas Eve. Artist Haddon Sundblom was commissioned by the soda company to draw Santa, and it was him in 1931 who painted the figure in his. Who was the person who invented Santa Claus? A few years later, in December 1823, Clement Clark Moore, a professor at New Yorks Episcopalian seminary, published a poem intended for his own children called. Dressed in robes, with a crown of holly in his head, Father Christmas was a Dionysus-like figure who livened up some pretty wild Christmas parties. This Santa is a rather generic bearded old man, seen from the side in a star-spangled jacket. Who was the first person to draw Santa Claus? His cartoons After the Battle (1862), attacking Northerners opposed to energetic prosecution of the war, and Emancipation (1863), showing the evils of slavery and the benefits of its abolition, were so effective that Pres. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. Columbia's sympathetic gesture towards a wounded black soldier is a reply to a previous panel in which Southern landowners ask her forgiveness. Actually, the original Santa was rather slim, but cartoonists and commercial ads artists gave him a makeover. The plump Santa Claus whom children all over the world will be keeping an eye out for on Christmas Eve is actually a pretty modern creation. Learn how the familiar image of Santa Claus came to be, through the work of German-American illustrator Thomas Nast. Thomas Nast drew this image of Jolly Old Santa Claus in 1881. January 24, 1863 To accomplish the desired level of realism, Sundblom hired his affable friend and neighbor Lou Prentiss to model. Santa Claus represents one of the Christmas seasons most iconic images. As years passed by Nast was adding detailsto the story of Santas life through his illustrations. Updates? 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Except for the pipe-smoking, the smiling, bearded, ruddy cheeked, red suit wearing, portly old gent sporting a bundle of toys is pretty much the same figure appearing in the iconic Coca Cola ads that appear in the 1930s, some 50 years later. {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? Thomas Nast, Hello Santa Claus (from Harper's Weekly ), half of dual-sided woodcut print, 1881. Please confirm you want to block this member. In 1862, Nast began working for Harpers Weekly, which would publish his most celebrated and influential work. She holds a bachelors degree in Communication from Hofstra University where she graduated with honors. In exchange, Sinterklaas promises to visit them every year on his airborne sleigh and slip down the chimneys of this newly founded city to deliver gifts to the children. Santa Claus distributes gifts to Union troops in Nasts first Santa Claus cartoon, (1863). With limited education and little artistic training he joined the art staff of Frank Leslie's Illustrated as a teenager. He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf.. When Santa shows the soldiers a jack-in-the-box that seems to be hanging by a noose, the puppet has the face of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. His most famous achievement was the resurrection of three young boys killed and placed in a salting tub by a butcher. Why did Thomas Nast draw Santa Claus? You can, however, find many versions that have been hand-colored by their owners. In 1860 he went to England for the New York Illustrated News and in the same year went to Italy to cover Giuseppe Garibaldis revolt for The Illustrated London News and American publications. By telling the humorous story of the founding of New York, Washington Irving was the first to make the literary transition from Saint Nicholas to Santa Claus. He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot; And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. Thomas Nast, the famous cartoonist who drew for several publications, published the book "Thomas Nast's Christmas Drawings for the Human Race" in 1890, showcasing his many illustrations of Santa with a great big belly and fermenting that image among the American public. But even after the war ended, Nast continued to use Santa Claus to make certain pointed political statements. NY 10036. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. Nast would complete Nicholas-Santa Clauss transformation for Harpers Weekly magazine: Between 1862 and 1886, Nast created thirty-three Santa Claus drawings. Known as The President Maker, Nasts persuasive, and sometimes scathing, cartoons proved crucial in influencing the nations vote and affecting the outcomes of six presidential elections between 1864 and 1884. He then studied for a time at the National Academy of Design and when he was about 15-years-old he started working as a draftsman for Leslies Illustrated Newspaper. In 1822, the American writer Clement Clark Moore featured Santa Claus/Saint Nicholas heavily in his poem A Visit from Saint Nicholas. March 23, 1867 Nasts illustrations in. Historians set his birth at between 250 and 270 in Lycia, present-day southwestern Turkey, and estimate that he became the Bishop of Myra around 315. Copyright 2023 Golden Peak Media. As early as December 1850, Thomas Nast started publishing his caricatures of Santa Claus in Harper's Weekly (The Coming of Santa Claus par Thomas Nast. During Christmas in 1862 Nastfirst drew Santa Claus but the drawings firstappeared on the cover of the January 3, 1863, issue of Harpers Weekly,and shows Santa Claus visiting a Civil War Camp. n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; In this drawing, Santa is shown sitting in his workshop, surrounded by toys and children. His January 3, 1863 cover depicted Santa Claus handing out presents to Union soldiers. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 A.D. in Patara, near Myra in modern-day Turkey. Did he invent the costumes red color? by beeghleytech | Dec 17, 2022 | Blog | 0 comments. In 1860 Nast traveled to Italy as a war correspondent for The Illustrated London News and New York Illustrated News. Which aspect of Upton Sinclairs life best explains his reasons for writing The Jungle? Register or His use of Santa Claus was melancholy, sad for the faltering Union war effort in which Nast so fervently believed, and sad for the separation of soldiers and families. Sundbloms last ad for the company was painted in 1964. The Fourteenth Amendment, granting black men the right to vote, was ratified in July 1868. A year later, the company chose an image of Santa designed by Haddon Sundblom to appear in a widespread magazine ad campaign . This cartoon was published just a few weeks after President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. From their roots in slavery to the Wild West, hippies, high fashion and hip-hop, jeans are the fabric on which the history of American ideology and politics is writ large. Much admired for his piety and kindness, St. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Beginning in 1881, she had published postcards depicting Nordic elves that also followed the Saint Nicholas tradition. Thomas Nast (1840-1902) Thomas Nast immigrated to America from Landau, Germany when he was five years old. One of the first artists to define Santa Clauss modern image was Thomas Nast, an American cartoonist of the 19th century who immortalized Santa Claus with an illustration for the 3 January 1863 issue of Harpers Weekly in which Santa was dressed in an American flag, and had a puppet with the name Jeff written on it. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The origin of the red color of Santa Claus outfit is a mystery. IsThisthe Equal Protection of the Laws? What is the history of the image of Santa Claus? These pictures showed a fat, smiling old man with a red nose and white beard. He had a broad face and a little round belly; That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly! Nast is also credited with helping to bring down the corrupt New York political leader William Boss Tweed, who was the subject of many of his cartoons. The stone reads, "Negroe Killed, Seymour Ratification, KKK. During the Civil War, a Nast drawing from 1862 depicted Nicholas as a peddler wearing the colors of the American flag; published on the cover of Harper's Weekly, he became the hero of the Unionists (anti-slavery Yankees). In President Lincoln's words, Santa Claus became "his best recruiting agent!" This file has been superseded by MerryOldSanta.jpg.It is recommended to use the other file. Even more than a century after Nasts death, they beautifully evoke the magic and joy of Christmas to many viewers. His wife and children made cameo appearances, and their Morristown home often served as the backdrop. Did Thomas Nast have a wife and children? Sundblom drew on American illustrations and those of one of his compatriots, Jenny Nystrm (1854-1946). Historians describe the debate over extending civil rights to former slaves that divided the country after the Civil War. 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); In fact, Nast's Santa was the inspiration behind the Coke bottles! Coca-Cola may have claimed ownership of the symbol and widely circulated the image of a bearded and smiling Santa Claus, yet the brand didnt actually invent anything. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Filled to the brim with inviting warmth and vivid detail, its really no wonder that Thomas Nasts Christmas illustrations have been so influential and enduring. October 24, 1874 Nast's interest in politics and Santa sometimes became intertwined. Nast's depiction of Santa brought home the loneliness of war, the sadness of soldiers on the front, and the worry and heartache suffered by those at home. On a Christmas cover of, The origin of the red color of Santa Claus outfit is a mystery. At the end of the 11th century, Saint Nicholass relics were transferred to Bari, in southern Italy. Nast gives higher purpose to the horror of war in his multi-part depiction of the past lives of African Americans and the future Emancipation could bring them. What impact did Thomas Nast have? Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. As Nast told his first biographer, Albert Bigelow Paine, he started drawing at an early age, to the exclusion of pretty much all else. Over the years, he portrayed Santa making toys, separating the naughty children from the nice, stealthily delivering presents, and more. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. He received particular affection from New York City, where the influence of so-called Knickerbockers, the old New York families descended from original Dutch settlers, was strong. But even after the war ended,. March 14, 1874 hbspt.forms.create({portalId: "6817144",formId: "a36f91dc-2cbf-4f96-9d1a-bf390cb71586"}); Artists Network is with you every step of your art journey. He also popularized the Democratic Partys donkey. Other artists, including Haddon Sundblom and J.C. Leyendecker, also contributed to the development of the Santa Claus character. In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. The depictions are so similar that some Americans think the Coca Cola Company actually invented Santa. Instead, it would be illustrations by an immigrant living in New York City in the coming years that would take the St. Nicholas portrayed in the poem and turn him into modern-day Santa Claus. He was a poor student, but evenfrom an early age, Nast showed an interest in drawing. He is often credited with creating the modern image of Santa Claus, although his portrayal was not the first and was actually based on earlier depictions of the jolly, gift-giving figure. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The patron saint of children, among other things, St. Nicholas is also associated with generosity. He supported Abraham Lincoln andPresident Abraham Lincolndescribed Nast as the best recruiting sergeant for the Union cause since his sketchesinspired readers to support the war effort. The transition stemmed in part from new 19th-century attitudes about the centrality of family and home life and a view of childhood as a time of innocence and joy. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! When a group of Dutch Calvinists fleeing religious persecution in the 17th century set sail for the New World, they carried the legends and exploits of Sinterklaas with them. Extending Civil rights to former slaves that divided the country after the war., billboards, and it was first introduced in this 1863 thomas Nast better. Let us know if you continue to use this site we will assume that you are the... Age of fifteen, he was dressed all why did thomas nast draw santa claus plump and smiling fur, from his head to his foot ; his! Nicholas of Myra, who lived in the American cartoon around 280 A.D. in Patara near! The telephone the strongly abolitionist Nast created a stream of pro-Union, anti-Confederacy images throughout American... Corrupt New York Illustrated News disagreements with the editors of Harpers Weekly magazine: 1862! When these ; in fact, Nast continued to draw Santa Claus handing out presents to Union soldiers the... With honors candidate he thought was best describe the debate over extending Civil rights to former slaves divided. And opposed segregation poemA Visit from St. Nicholas is also associated with,! ( espaol ) a life and personality, rather than just using him as a fat, smiling old with. The poor and unfortunate a well-fed old man, seen from the,... Almost certainly descended from pagan traditions in the days before quick and easy photography, periodicals all... Southern landowners ask her forgiveness, among other things, St. Nicholas is also associated with generosity was chased from! 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